Regional brain abnormalities associated with long-term heavy cannabis use.
Identifieur interne : 003831 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003830; suivant : 003832Regional brain abnormalities associated with long-term heavy cannabis use.
Auteurs : Murat Yücel [Australie] ; Nadia Solowij ; Colleen Respondek ; Sarah Whittle ; Alex Fornito ; Christos Pantelis ; Dan I. LubmanSource :
- Archives of general psychiatry [ 1538-3636 ] ; 2008.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Abus de marijuana (anatomopathologie), Abus de marijuana (diagnostic), Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Amygdale (système limbique) (anatomopathologie), Amygdale (système limbique) (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Atrophie (MeSH), Cannabinoïdes (toxicité), Dominance cérébrale (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Encéphale (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Facteurs temps (MeSH), Femelle (MeSH), Hippocampe (anatomopathologie), Hippocampe (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Humains (MeSH), Imagerie par résonance magnétique (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Récepteurs de cannabinoïdes (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques), Traitement d'image par ordinateur (MeSH), Études transversales (MeSH).
- MESH :
- anatomopathologie : Abus de marijuana, Amygdale (système limbique), Hippocampe.
- diagnostic : Abus de marijuana.
- effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques : Amygdale (système limbique), Dominance cérébrale, Encéphale, Hippocampe, Récepteurs de cannabinoïdes.
- toxicité : Cannabinoïdes.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Atrophie, Facteurs temps, Femelle, Humains, Imagerie par résonance magnétique, Mâle, Traitement d'image par ordinateur, Études transversales.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adult (MeSH), Amygdala (drug effects), Amygdala (pathology), Atrophy (MeSH), Brain (drug effects), Cannabinoids (toxicity), Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH), Dominance, Cerebral (drug effects), Female (MeSH), Hippocampus (drug effects), Hippocampus (pathology), Humans (MeSH), Image Processing, Computer-Assisted (MeSH), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MeSH), Male (MeSH), Marijuana Abuse (diagnosis), Marijuana Abuse (pathology), Middle Aged (MeSH), Receptors, Cannabinoid (drug effects), Time Factors (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , drug effects : Receptors, Cannabinoid.
- chemical , toxicity : Cannabinoids.
- diagnosis : Marijuana Abuse.
- drug effects : Amygdala, Brain, Dominance, Cerebral, Hippocampus.
- pathology : Amygdala, Hippocampus, Marijuana Abuse.
- Adult, Atrophy, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Time Factors.
Abstract
CONTEXT
Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the developed world. Despite this, there is a paucity of research examining its long-term effect on the human brain.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether long-term heavy cannabis use is associated with gross anatomical abnormalities in 2 cannabinoid receptor-rich regions of the brain, the hippocampus and the amygdala.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional design using high-resolution (3-T) structural magnetic resonance imaging.
SETTING
Participants were recruited from the general community and underwent imaging at a hospital research facility.
PARTICIPANTS
Fifteen carefully selected long-term (>10 years) and heavy (>5 joints daily) cannabis-using men (mean age, 39.8 years; mean duration of regular use, 19.7 years) with no history of polydrug abuse or neurologic/mental disorder and 16 matched nonusing control subjects (mean age, 36.4 years).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Volumetric measures of the hippocampus and the amygdala combined with measures of cannabis use. Subthreshold psychotic symptoms and verbal learning ability were also measured.
RESULTS
Cannabis users had bilaterally reduced hippocampal and amygdala volumes (P = .001), with a relatively (and significantly [P = .02]) greater magnitude of reduction in the former (12.0% vs 7.1%). Left hemisphere hippocampal volume was inversely associated with cumulative exposure to cannabis during the previous 10 years (P = .01) and subthreshold positive psychotic symptoms (P < .001). Positive symptom scores were also associated with cumulative exposure to cannabis (P = .048). Although cannabis users performed significantly worse than controls on verbal learning (P < .001), this did not correlate with regional brain volumes in either group.
CONCLUSIONS
These results provide new evidence of exposure-related structural abnormalities in the hippocampus and amygdala in long-term heavy cannabis users and corroborate similar findings in the animal literature. These findings indicate that heavy daily cannabis use across protracted periods exerts harmful effects on brain tissue and mental health.
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.6.694
PubMed: 18519827
Affiliations:
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Lubman</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2008">2008</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:18519827</idno><idno type="pmid">18519827</idno><idno type="doi">10.1001/archpsyc.65.6.694</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">003871</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">003871</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003871</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">003871</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003871</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Regional brain abnormalities associated with long-term heavy cannabis use.</title><author><name sortKey="Yucel, Murat" sort="Yucel, Murat" uniqKey="Yucel M" first="Murat" last="Yücel">Murat Yücel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>MAPS, ORYGEN Research Centre, 35 Poplar Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. murat@unimelb.edu.au</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>MAPS, ORYGEN Research Centre, 35 Poplar Rd, Melbourne, Victoria</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Victoria</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Solowij, Nadia" sort="Solowij, Nadia" uniqKey="Solowij N" first="Nadia" last="Solowij">Nadia Solowij</name></author><author><name sortKey="Respondek, Colleen" sort="Respondek, Colleen" uniqKey="Respondek C" first="Colleen" last="Respondek">Colleen Respondek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Whittle, Sarah" sort="Whittle, Sarah" uniqKey="Whittle S" first="Sarah" last="Whittle">Sarah Whittle</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fornito, Alex" sort="Fornito, Alex" uniqKey="Fornito A" first="Alex" last="Fornito">Alex Fornito</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pantelis, Christos" sort="Pantelis, Christos" uniqKey="Pantelis C" first="Christos" last="Pantelis">Christos Pantelis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lubman, Dan I" sort="Lubman, Dan I" uniqKey="Lubman D" first="Dan I" last="Lubman">Dan I. Lubman</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Archives of general psychiatry</title><idno type="eISSN">1538-3636</idno><imprint><date when="2008" type="published">2008</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Amygdala (drug effects)</term><term>Amygdala (pathology)</term><term>Atrophy (MeSH)</term><term>Brain (drug effects)</term><term>Cannabinoids (toxicity)</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Dominance, Cerebral (drug effects)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Hippocampus (drug effects)</term><term>Hippocampus (pathology)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted (MeSH)</term><term>Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MeSH)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Marijuana Abuse (diagnosis)</term><term>Marijuana Abuse (pathology)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Receptors, Cannabinoid (drug effects)</term><term>Time Factors (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Abus de marijuana (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Abus de marijuana (diagnostic)</term><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term><term>Amygdale (système limbique) (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Amygdale (système limbique) (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Atrophie (MeSH)</term><term>Cannabinoïdes (toxicité)</term><term>Dominance cérébrale (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Encéphale (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Facteurs temps (MeSH)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Hippocampe (anatomopathologie)</term><term>Hippocampe (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Imagerie par résonance magnétique (MeSH)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Récepteurs de cannabinoïdes (effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques)</term><term>Traitement d'image par ordinateur (MeSH)</term><term>Études transversales (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Receptors, Cannabinoid</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="toxicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Cannabinoids</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Abus de marijuana</term><term>Amygdale (système limbique)</term><term>Hippocampe</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Marijuana Abuse</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnostic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Abus de marijuana</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Amygdala</term><term>Brain</term><term>Dominance, Cerebral</term><term>Hippocampus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets des médicaments et des substances chimiques" xml:lang="fr"><term>Amygdale (système limbique)</term><term>Dominance cérébrale</term><term>Encéphale</term><term>Hippocampe</term><term>Récepteurs de cannabinoïdes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Amygdala</term><term>Hippocampus</term><term>Marijuana Abuse</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="toxicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cannabinoïdes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Atrophy</term><term>Cross-Sectional Studies</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</term><term>Magnetic Resonance Imaging</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Time Factors</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Atrophie</term><term>Facteurs temps</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Imagerie par résonance magnétique</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Traitement d'image par ordinateur</term><term>Études transversales</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONTEXT</b></p><p>Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the developed world. Despite this, there is a paucity of research examining its long-term effect on the human brain.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>OBJECTIVE</b></p><p>To determine whether long-term heavy cannabis use is associated with gross anatomical abnormalities in 2 cannabinoid receptor-rich regions of the brain, the hippocampus and the amygdala.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>DESIGN</b></p><p>Cross-sectional design using high-resolution (3-T) structural magnetic resonance imaging.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>SETTING</b></p><p>Participants were recruited from the general community and underwent imaging at a hospital research facility.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>PARTICIPANTS</b></p><p>Fifteen carefully selected long-term (>10 years) and heavy (>5 joints daily) cannabis-using men (mean age, 39.8 years; mean duration of regular use, 19.7 years) with no history of polydrug abuse or neurologic/mental disorder and 16 matched nonusing control subjects (mean age, 36.4 years).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES</b></p><p>Volumetric measures of the hippocampus and the amygdala combined with measures of cannabis use. Subthreshold psychotic symptoms and verbal learning ability were also measured.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Cannabis users had bilaterally reduced hippocampal and amygdala volumes (P = .001), with a relatively (and significantly [P = .02]) greater magnitude of reduction in the former (12.0% vs 7.1%). Left hemisphere hippocampal volume was inversely associated with cumulative exposure to cannabis during the previous 10 years (P = .01) and subthreshold positive psychotic symptoms (P < .001). Positive symptom scores were also associated with cumulative exposure to cannabis (P = .048). Although cannabis users performed significantly worse than controls on verbal learning (P < .001), this did not correlate with regional brain volumes in either group.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>These results provide new evidence of exposure-related structural abnormalities in the hippocampus and amygdala in long-term heavy cannabis users and corroborate similar findings in the animal literature. These findings indicate that heavy daily cannabis use across protracted periods exerts harmful effects on brain tissue and mental health.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">18519827</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2008</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>17</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2008</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>03</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1538-3636</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>65</Volume><Issue>6</Issue><PubDate><Year>2008</Year><Month>Jun</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Archives of general psychiatry</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Arch Gen Psychiatry</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Regional brain abnormalities associated with long-term heavy cannabis use.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>694-701</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1001/archpsyc.65.6.694</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="CONTEXT" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">Cannabis is the most widely used illicit drug in the developed world. Despite this, there is a paucity of research examining its long-term effect on the human brain.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">To determine whether long-term heavy cannabis use is associated with gross anatomical abnormalities in 2 cannabinoid receptor-rich regions of the brain, the hippocampus and the amygdala.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="DESIGN" NlmCategory="METHODS">Cross-sectional design using high-resolution (3-T) structural magnetic resonance imaging.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="SETTING" NlmCategory="METHODS">Participants were recruited from the general community and underwent imaging at a hospital research facility.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PARTICIPANTS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Fifteen carefully selected long-term (>10 years) and heavy (>5 joints daily) cannabis-using men (mean age, 39.8 years; mean duration of regular use, 19.7 years) with no history of polydrug abuse or neurologic/mental disorder and 16 matched nonusing control subjects (mean age, 36.4 years).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES" NlmCategory="METHODS">Volumetric measures of the hippocampus and the amygdala combined with measures of cannabis use. Subthreshold psychotic symptoms and verbal learning ability were also measured.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Cannabis users had bilaterally reduced hippocampal and amygdala volumes (P = .001), with a relatively (and significantly [P = .02]) greater magnitude of reduction in the former (12.0% vs 7.1%). Left hemisphere hippocampal volume was inversely associated with cumulative exposure to cannabis during the previous 10 years (P = .01) and subthreshold positive psychotic symptoms (P < .001). Positive symptom scores were also associated with cumulative exposure to cannabis (P = .048). Although cannabis users performed significantly worse than controls on verbal learning (P < .001), this did not correlate with regional brain volumes in either group.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">These results provide new evidence of exposure-related structural abnormalities in the hippocampus and amygdala in long-term heavy cannabis users and corroborate similar findings in the animal literature. These findings indicate that heavy daily cannabis use across protracted periods exerts harmful effects on brain tissue and mental health.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Yücel</LastName><ForeName>Murat</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>MAPS, ORYGEN Research Centre, 35 Poplar Rd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. murat@unimelb.edu.au</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Solowij</LastName><ForeName>Nadia</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Respondek</LastName><ForeName>Colleen</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Whittle</LastName><ForeName>Sarah</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fornito</LastName><ForeName>Alex</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pantelis</LastName><ForeName>Christos</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lubman</LastName><ForeName>Dan I</ForeName><Initials>DI</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Arch Gen Psychiatry</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>0372435</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0003-990X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D002186">Cannabinoids</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D043882">Receptors, Cannabinoid</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>AIM</CitationSubset><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000679" MajorTopicYN="N">Amygdala</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001284" MajorTopicYN="N">Atrophy</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D001921" MajorTopicYN="N">Brain</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002186" MajorTopicYN="N">Cannabinoids</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000633" MajorTopicYN="Y">toxicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003430" MajorTopicYN="N">Cross-Sectional Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004292" MajorTopicYN="N">Dominance, Cerebral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="N">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006624" MajorTopicYN="N">Hippocampus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007091" MajorTopicYN="Y">Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008279" MajorTopicYN="Y">Magnetic Resonance Imaging</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002189" MajorTopicYN="N">Marijuana Abuse</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000175" MajorTopicYN="Y">diagnosis</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000473" MajorTopicYN="N">pathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D043882" MajorTopicYN="N">Receptors, Cannabinoid</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000187" MajorTopicYN="Y">drug effects</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013997" MajorTopicYN="N">Time Factors</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2008</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2008</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>18</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2008</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>4</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18519827</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">65/6/694</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1001/archpsyc.65.6.694</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Fornito, Alex" sort="Fornito, Alex" uniqKey="Fornito A" first="Alex" last="Fornito">Alex Fornito</name><name sortKey="Lubman, Dan I" sort="Lubman, Dan I" uniqKey="Lubman D" first="Dan I" last="Lubman">Dan I. Lubman</name><name sortKey="Pantelis, Christos" sort="Pantelis, Christos" uniqKey="Pantelis C" first="Christos" last="Pantelis">Christos Pantelis</name><name sortKey="Respondek, Colleen" sort="Respondek, Colleen" uniqKey="Respondek C" first="Colleen" last="Respondek">Colleen Respondek</name><name sortKey="Solowij, Nadia" sort="Solowij, Nadia" uniqKey="Solowij N" first="Nadia" last="Solowij">Nadia Solowij</name><name sortKey="Whittle, Sarah" sort="Whittle, Sarah" uniqKey="Whittle S" first="Sarah" last="Whittle">Sarah Whittle</name></noCountry><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Yucel, Murat" sort="Yucel, Murat" uniqKey="Yucel M" first="Murat" last="Yücel">Murat Yücel</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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